Feature (Englisch)

The picture shows the no longer existing view of the monument to the Count Agenor Gołuchowski, the famous Polish-Austrian conservative politician, longstanding governor of Galicia, member of parliament and Minister of Interior. The image shows the monument still standing in the city park (now FrankoPark) between the Main Alley and 3^rd of May Street (now Sichovykh Striltsiv Street). From the end of the 19^th century until 1921 the Main Alley did not exist. The monument to Count Agenor Gołuchowski was erected on June 28, 1901 on the expenses of the citizens of Lviv. It was one of the best monuments by Cyprian Godebski, a well-known sculptor and grandson of a Polish poet of the same name. The bronze figure stands on a high marble pedestal together with the allegoric sculpture "Galicia" giving alaurel wreath to the Count. Although the monument was perfectly designed it did not evoke reverence among the citizens of Lviv. It became a site of frequent anti-Austrian demonstrations. After 1944 the monument disappeared; its fate is unknown.

In 1898 in the middle of the park on Sviatoho Dukha Square a monument to the king Jan III Sobieski was erected at the public expense following a project by the sculptor Tadeusz Barącz. In 1883, on the occasion of the 200th anniversary of the Relief of Vienna, the City Council of Lviv decided to erect a monument in honor of the king. Jan III Sobieski, who was born near Lviv in the small town of Olesko, had his urban residence on Rynok (Ploshcha Rynok/Market Square) 6 where he often stayed. On the monument he wears national clothes – kuntush and zhupan. The King sits on the back of a reared horse, which jumps over broken arms. This form of representation points to the important military achievements of the monarch. The monument resembles the one in Warsaw, which was erected in 1787. The model was done by a Viennese foundry which belonged to Arthur Krupp whereas the pedestal was constructed in the workshop of Lviv sculptor Julian Markowski. On November 20, 1898 a triumphant opening of the monument took place and since then it became one of the favorite places for photographers. In 1950 the monument was moved to Poland and after its restoration was erected in Gdansk on the "Wooden Market" Square.

The photograph shows the moment of the opening of the monument to poet Adam Mickiewicz, which took place on October 30, 1904. The day of the opening became a holiday in Lviv: flags were hung out, facades and balconies were decorated, in the cathedral a High Mass was celebrated on this occasion. Poet’s son Wladyslaw Mickiewicz came to Lviv to take part in the celebration, and a famous Lviv composer Stanislaw Niewiadomski wrote a cantata on this occasion. It was performed on the ceremony of the opening by a choir of more than 150 people.

This photograph shows a view of "Halytsky" (Galician) Square from the side of the building of the District Court (Batoriya Street 1-3, nowadays a building of the Lviv Polytechnical University in Kniazia Romana Street. In the foreground there is a well with a fountain adorned by a sculpture “Svitezianka” (sculptor Tadeusz Blotnitcki) which stood here until 1950. In the background we can see one of the oldest houses on the square (beginning of the 19^th. century) - № 2-3 on Halytsky square / corner Halytska Street. Also visible is the tower of the Latin Cathedral. In the center of the picture there are the houses № 7 and 9 inValova Street. № 7/ corner Halytska St., 21 was built in 1908-1910 by order of the owner Theodor Bałłaban after the project of the architects Alfred Zachariewicz and Józef Sosnowski. After World War I the municipal savings bank was located here and from 1931 this house belonged to the bank. Architect Wawrzyniec Dayczak reconstructed the interior and adapted it for the needs of the financial institution. House № 9 was also built according to the project of Alfred Zachariewicz and Józef Sosnowski. Sculpture decorations of both houses belong to the authorship of Zygmunt Kurczyński. In the interwar period the "Lvivskyi" bank was located in this building.

The oldest Lviv secular monument to Hetman Stanislaw Jablonowski, the defender of Lviv against the Tatars (1695), was constructed approximately 1752-1754. According to Y. Biryulyov the sculptor was probably Sebastian Fesinger. The statue of the Hetman originally stood in the courtyard of the old JesuitCollege, his mortal remains having been buried in the Jesuit church. During the restoration of the church the monument disappeared but was accidentally rediscovered by a journalist (Hippolyt Stupnitsky) in the middle of the 19^th century in the backyard of house № 13 in Karl Ludwig Street. At the public expense the monument was restored by the sculptors Paul Eitel and Leopold Schimser and in 1859 it was erected in the city boulevard / street. Since then these places were called "Hetmanski Valy" (Hetman Ramparts) and "Hetmanska" Street. In the background there is a house which used to stand in "Tekhnitska" Street (nowadays "Nyzky Zamok" Street). Today there is a small market here known as "Vernissage".

The pedestal of carved stones was constructed on a small mound of earth, covered with turf. The front side of the pedestal, which faces the main façade of the School, holds a round medallion with a profile of Francis Joseph. On top of the pedestal is a two-headed Austrian Eagle, cast in bronze. Behind the monument the brick wall of the Infantry Cadets School off Stryiska St. can be seen. The festive opening of the monument took place on the day of Francis Joseph’s accession to the throne on December 2, 1908. The students and professors of the Cadets School gathered in the square at 11 a. m., led by the school’s commander, Major Julius Wolny. Invited guests, and a division of the Lviv Garrison were also present. The ceremony began at noon. The military band played the national anthem, after which the people present marched in a festive procession before the picture of the Emperor. The ceremony was concluded by numerous salutations in honour of the monarch. The monument was in place until in 1918 relocated the Cracow Cadet Corps. No. 1 to the now empty houses. On February 2, 1922 the pedestal was turned into a memorial for cadets who lost their lives in fights against the Bolsheviks in 1919-1920, as well as in the Third Silesian Uprising of 1922. The memorial was finally demolished in 1939, after Lviv capitulated before Soviet troops.
Mykhailo Slobodianiuk

The monument to the general-colonel Edward Bem- Ermoli, commander of the 2^nd army. Established on the lane behind the central pavillion of the Military exhibit. Work of the sculptor Laiosh Lukach (approximate size 3.5 x 3.5 m). Socle decorated with a relief that presents a view of Lviv with adjacent mountain framed by spruce, which, might symbolize the descent of Austrian armies from the Carpathians.
Mykhailo Slobodianiuk

The monument to the Soviet constitution, or the Stalin Constitution, was built in October 1939. The authors were the sculptor Serhyi Lytvynenko and Kyiv artist Mykhailo Dmytrenko, it’s possible that, the artists adapted the project, originally conceived in Moscow, to the new city conditions. The sculptors Yevhen Dzyndra and Andryi Koverko carried out the project, but the participation of Lytvynenko’s student the young sculptor Yakov Chaika is also a possibility. The monument was made in the ceramic-sculpture factory, which opened on Muchni st in 1939. The location for the monument was chosen in the city centre, the “island” on the boundary mark of the Hetman embankments, between Yahellon’ska st. and Holy Spirit square (now Hnatiuka st. and I. Pidkova sq.) The current monument, made of cement on a wooden skeleton, presented a huge vertical composition in the image of a column, fitted with red flags. In the lower part there were figures of a Red Army man, worker, mother with child, students and an old Hutsul with a boy. The cement figures and signs in Ukrainian, Polish and Hebrew symbolized the brotherhood of nations in accordance with the articles of the Stalin constitution. At the beginning of the Second World War, on June 30^th 1941, German armies took over the city. Was it but not on this very day that the cement monument was broken and its pieces poured into holes and hollows which had been caused by the German bombardment of Lviv.

In the picture, the ceremony of the grand opening of the monument to Ivan Fedorov. A white cover is being pulled off of the figure of the printer, near him «honourable sentry» of students of the Ivan Fedorov Ukrainian Institute of Polygraphy. The idea of building a monument to the first ukrainian printer Ivan Fedorov first appeared in 1947. In May 1958 the Lviv Regional Council of Labour Deputies chose the square, located near the ancient King's arsenal on Pidval'na st as a place for the monument. In 1963 the discussion of the installation of the monument was continued by the head of the regional board of culture Yaroslav Vitoshynskyi, who turned to city party members and members of government bodies about settling the question of establishing, a pedestal base of the premier printer's bust on one of the squares of Lviv before May 1964. In 1964 it was 400 years since the appearance of the first book printed by Ivan Fedorov in Moscow. The artistic and intellectual community of Lviv submitted its proposals about celebrating this date to the first secretary of the Lviv «obkom» (regional committee) KPU, V. Kutsevol. There was a memorial exhibit organized in the Lviv Museum of Ukrainian Art and the Lviv government Institute of Polygraphy of Ivan Fedorov, a scientific conference held in the city, and publications about Ivan Fedorov and bookprinting prepared. And the topic arose once more of establishing a monument to the first printer with the goal of its construction in 1974- in the year of the 400 year anniversary of the appearance of bookprinting in Ukraine. The realization of this idea took three years- its official unveiling took place on November 26th, 1977 in the square between Pidvalna and Ruska streets. The creators of the monument were Lviv sculptors Valentyn Borysenko and Valentyn Podolskyi with the involvement of the architect Anatoli Konsulov. The work was carried out by the workers of the government historical-architectural national park, board Rembudmontazh», Lviv special scientific-restoration workshop, PO «Prykarpatpromarmatura», miskrembudtrest, Lviv ceramic-sculpture factory, students of the Ukrainian Institute of Poligraphy named after Ivan Fedorov. The celebratory meeting was opened by the first secretary of city KPU Heinrich Bandrovs'kyi.
Valentyn Kleiner found this photograph in his family archives and graciously donated it to the Centre for Urban History, for which we thank him.

In 1980 on the square of the National Guard named in honour of I. Franko, at the junction of Teatralna and National Guard Streets (since 1992 they carry the name of S. Yavorskyi sq.), a monument was built, more specifically, a memorial sign «For the Fighters for Council Rule». Its author was the renowned Lviv sculptor, head of the Artists' Union, Joseph Sadovskyi, the architectural decision was done by the architect Anatoliy Konsulov In the 1930s a monument to Hetman Stanislav Yablonovskyi stood on this spot. Our user Valentin Kleyner found this photograph in his family archives and graciously donated it to the Centre for Urban History, for which we thank him. 

The monument to Bartosz Glowacki was constructed in 1906 by the sculptor Grzegorz Kuzniewicz to the plans of renowned Polish sculptor and owner of stone workshop, Julian Markovski, grandson of the famous Jan Schimsera, student of Paris Filippi. This was the last monument created by J. Markovski, whose completion was disrupted by his premature death. The park, located near the end of Lychakivska Street, in which the monument was placed, was named Glowacki Park. Polish villager Wojtech Bartosz (1756-1794) was one of the chief reapers, who, armed with cutters, took an active part in the Polish national uprising of 1794, which was initiated by Tadeusza Kosciuszki. In the battle with the Ratslavytsi, which took place on April 4^th, 1794, he marked himself with bravery and heroism; after the battle he was made the cornet of the Krakow grenadiers; in addition, from this time on he received the surname Glowacki. 

Józef Korzeniowski (1797-1863) was a famous Polish writer, playwright, and teacher hailing from Brody. Author of dozens of plays, stories and novels, of which the best known are the play "Carpathian Highlanders", and the novel "Collocation". Korzeniowski taught at the Lyceum in Kremenets, and at the Kyiv University, was director of a school, and school inspector in Charków/Kharkiv, member of the Royal Society of Friends of Sciences in Warsaw, and Corresponding Member of the Scholarly Society in Cracow. Korzeniowski also authored an interesting memoir of early nineteenth-century Brody. The monument to Józef Korzeniowski stood in the Rajkówka city park, in the Sobieskiego square (known as Radianskoyi Armiyi ("Soviet Army") square in Soviet times, and as Svobody ("Liberty") square today). The idea of erecting the monument was voiced by Feliks West, the famous publisher of Brody. Antoni Popel, famous artist, sculptor, graduate of the Brody Gymnasium, and honorary citizen of Brody, donated his work to the city free of charge. Completion of the monument’s construction, and its opening in the park was originally scheduled for the 100th anniversary of Korzeniowski’s birth. However, due to the slow fundraising, Korzeniowski’s anniversary on March 19, 1897 saw only the laying of the cornerstone. The monument itself was uncovered on September 11, 1898. The monument stood in the southwestern part of the Rajkówka park, and faced Korzeniowskiego (now Stusa) street. The monument survived the years of the First World War, and was dismounted after the Second World War, with its pediment still in place throughout the 1950s. The Rajkówka/Raykivka park was a favorite recreational destination for the city’s residents. There are many pictures today, that had been taken by the Korzeniowksi monument (and later, by the pediment). 
Vasyl Strilchuk